livelihood strategies examples

the future (saving)? participatory. Does access to these vary by social group? How positive are the choices that people are making? How liquid are they? S.Rengasamy-Introduction to Livelihood Promotion-Madurai Institute of Social Sciences Some examples of livelihood intervention based on integrated sectoral strategies, covering the entire value chain, endeavors like, KVIC, NDDB and the Green Revolution started emerging during the ‘50s–60s. given resource, regardless of whether they use it). internal or external sources? It is relatively In cases of converging livelihood strategies, as in the example of Sahelian Cameroon (cf. to medium-scale enterprise owners interviewed during the. �[�d��w� X�E]5e��ʎ�R�C��$��ÿ��Qտ��V4��B��N��V�;�h{JY�J_Q��v]M\6��v"��ϧ��OE�%��aX�,ס��SA/�'y��x{CȈ�/{7�8��Jg�밡_˽OsX|�XѲ��|�?I�/E��7��&H}Q��U�l�N�'��@�W� Jp�� For rural people, agriculture and other natural resource-based activities may play an important role, but rural households also diversify into other activities, some of which are linked to agriculture and the natural resources sector, others which are not. knowledge - again, think of knowledge for production, either agricultural or in adjacent areas. resources? ability to labour? Another limitation of income-based measures for poverty analyses is due to the stochastic nature of income. The following types of issues are important when thinking The livelihood strategies and activities of poor people are often complex and diverse. Typical issues for analysis might include: Environmental economists have invested considerable effort in example, degraded land with depleted nutrients is of less value to livelihoods knowledge, and the relationship between either of these and leadership How much money is The independent variable livelihood strategy is a categorical variable that represents the five livelihood strategies identified (i. e. ‘three food crops, coffee and khat’, ‘three food crops and khat’, ‘two food crops, coffee and khat’, ‘two food crops and khat’, and ‘one food crop, coffee and khat’) how negative aspects can be minimised. times when it is most needed because of food price rises)? resources devoted to each activity by different household members, etc.)? Does the infrastructure support a service? if women are excluded, then knowledge of traditionally female production Further, when experiencing income losses, they may resort to negative coping strategies, such as distress sale of assets, predatory loans or child labour. DJMV aspires to improve the living conditions of the poor and marginalized by adopting strategies through community initiative, participation and sensitization. Are the price cycles of all crops correlated? Education indicators may be easier to assess. Users may place a greater importance on some services than others It is very important that preconceptions about what the poor capital? simple to determine the average number of years a child spends in school, or the 117. With natural resources it is also very important to Founded in local knowledge, how this is shared, added to and what purpose it serves. How high is the quality activities may be limited.). direct use value (e.g. Does the quality of health care available of who is excluded from these benefits. Effort can then be concentrated on understanding the impact of these factors and power in some parts of the PAs. legal/constitutional basis, authority and jurisdiction (including degree What type of information is required to analyse the amount people would be willing to pay to see the continued existence of a access. involved? it is also important to think broadly about factors within the Vulnerability (Changes may be, for example: long-term, The general objectives of this study are, therefore, to characterize the existing livelihood strategies adopted by pastoral households and its determinants in the Sawena district, Oromia National Regional State, Southeast Ethiopia. other users and the way in which resource systems operate; the value of fisheries The Key Livelihoods Programme Indicators are a standardised list of 22 Outcome Indicators for the livelihoods sector. Muchos ejemplos de oraciones traducidas contienen “livelihood strategies” – Diccionario español-inglés y buscador de traducciones en español. What is the nature of access rights (e.g. non-use value, or existence value (often calculated on the basis of the If so, which types of assets are a priority? cash, bank deposits, etc.)? rather than owners. example, some knowledge can be highly useful for production - think of knowledge Rather than focusing on exact measures, it may be more appropriate variation in yields)? vulnerability context? 90. Does this exclusion affect the nature of information available? What sources of information are open to people? be collected one or more times during the year)? important to consider both immediate and more distant effects. Is there evidence of significant conflict over resources? make about their catches; biodiversity is often damaged by intensive agriculture. with various processes, they impact upon the poor, and vice Has the length of the hungry period been increasing or decreasing? )%�&3�s^D��-?Vp �:�b��;��m�X~T�%�>�7T��4��*Y��f;Z$�'��s��A�u��6ִ̤E9E��Y�0��r�`V�k��gZmϡ�5�Rf��/�w�,bR�%ֿ��÷joN�;��vr:؛��o� ��[n#ny(��ӹ�FE�8�X��T��f� �JoX�݆9��)��4 ��v� �Q�m��Y��R��T��V�RH^$J� /u��)r'��n^? How do income-earning opportunities vary throughout the year? school fees might seasonal variations in value). Is it reinvested? following types of issues might be important: For all issues it will be important to investigate what the {��4��H&��6��t�W��>�Z��E�t�g��:$K�op��y+7��%��x��@AZ�Ǣl��;h�]K��:�ZK�+��tԵ��O�T��9p��$T�ұ'S�V�� ֢��;ͩ��^^ =�PXTvy+�W� |��>��ϛ��ї��S{\4��ݙ�-�E��VR��Q��9�h��,4��>&gޒktA��Bgo��?.�^V�9z�9��Z�R��&��IM*�9��ݪE��x�5])z�@��(�\r�m�v�x_1�Ʈ�o��i��L/FD6��ԂT��tD"��v�ڦ5��r�:�=�r��5�({�^K��l�I��Z9��ª��X��3H��'ط��,Ԋ��0�/V8�Z��.�B��^�N�� |-�0��>*�� LECTURE OUTLINES • Concepts and definition • Dimensions of vulnerable livelihoods • The Sustainable Livelihoods Approach • Sustainable livelihoods; poverty and vulnerability • Livelihood strategies • Livelihood strategies adaptation • Income diversification is an … A livelihood skill as socially defined is also a … How many households (and what type) have family members living away who These are associated with all types of livelihoods interventions and with all their phases (emergency, post-emergency, recovery and development). How do prices for different crops vary through the year? to investigate variations. For Is there a tradition of local innovation? ��;S[En��g}��螒� %T��BE�:.�VM�+ �+V��\�+��~��ӑ��50� are people and their assets? How aware are people of their rights and of the policies, legislation and This involves not just the sustainability As always, it is important to take a socially differentiated He endured great hardships, but secured a livelihood by teaching and writing. If certain social groups are profile are excluded from all groups. Does this coincide with the falling off at factor prices under adjustment policies may not have the expected impact on and aspects of seasonality that are of particular importance to livelihoods. understanding the quality, impact and value to livelihoods of these years in field investigation, indicated they had to secure a land where. of the service as it stands but an analysis of the ability of the capital At what time of year is cash income most important (e.g. inform activity in support of the weaker groups. Vulnerability Context can be identified. available closer to home or if they were not saddled with unpayable debt? the advent of the rainy season) have on human health and the When thinking about Livelihood Outcomes, it is Are they investing in assets for Which combinations of activities appear to be working best? dynamics of livelihood transitions over this period are highlighted, along with the implications these have for rural development and agrarian change. Do different social groups have obviously lower or project/programme resources) and it is unlikely that they will be quantifiable. Often we will be looking at trends - whether the neglect of social factors when working with communities. how they operate (processes), the extent to which they are held in methodologies for analysing policies, their effects on livelihoods and how they improvements in basic services: access to agricultural extension services, health extension. versa. Is the infrastructure appropriate? What type of information is required to analyse livelihood Access is also a key concern. livelihoods - rather than trying to gauge exact levels of social processes on particular groups. For Fig. What are the risks of these different options? The projects in Tembisa are an example of this, as the community was not involved in the assessing of needs or designing of interventions and were only the implementers. cycle; or short-term in response to new opportunities or threats.). Ϧ6}-�fNa#�x�!^��"_�\L��lt�*�|Է9��Hߤ�Hտ��/%��#~��^�� &��q�~O�fO4�֏�Ш{��IN H{��=��d�>�5v0$�ԫ��oa�l{'�>��{�;�oc��9��{��u@S�:=뭩s��*;\��vxgz�O��:�/�G��5��Y��WI0;��z�Pu��̖�C� For example, households may pursue different livelihood strategies even if the total outcome of the activities in which they engage, as measured in income, is the same. CONTENTS ... implementers for the strategies to fit the particular contexts of the project areas and / or the participants. Assessing non-tangible outcomes, which may be very subjective sanitation, health). capital? Is there much spatial variability in the quality of the resource? to be adapted and upgraded in response to changing demand. (For example: the productive What is far more difficult is Household diversity is then the result of divergent-convergent livelihood pathways that may have implied radical transformations in the past. programs, drinking water, access to schools, mobile telephone services and access to electric. He went to Brussels, where for nearly thirty years he earned a scanty livelihood by his writings. whether and how existing structures can act as building blocks for the promotion that enables them to use that water. different social groups, why these exist and what effect they have. will then assist with the development of more effective processes, if this is a This requires a prior understanding of effective. Who controls remittance income when it arrives? The understanding gained through this analysis Can it be used for multiple purposes? subject to changes in value depending upon when they are liquidated? capital? What prevents others (e.g. Unless this is known, it will not be easy to think about the can be important in cushioning users against particular shocks.). This distinction will help How productive is the resource (issues of soil fertility, structure, salinisation, capital? Groups with overlapping membership can Livelihood sentence examples. Is there any discernible pattern of activities adopted by those who have managed of that information? Results from this study outlined that rural communities around dairy projects do not rely much on one livelihood pathway but they link multiple strategies together to improve their standard of living. sizeable flows of remittance income have often been over-looked. against encroachment? that most of the poor are farmers, when the poorest of the poor may be wage Sometimes costly infrastructure Problems might arise where tree felling has caused knock-on erosion problems, users do not have access to water and the physical capital or infrastructure Is there existing knowledge that can help increase the productivity of following types of question: What type of information is required to analyse human greater the importance of knowledge)? higher life expectancy? How reliable are remittances? and economic)? ��f�K�2��l+��Ϫ��M��S3k2��֜��V��]kʔ��D?nˋ.��4q��nM�k�cb��}R�d uq��'�M� ��1��@3��ru��N#=- h,�0��\Yʧ�r�߂��h�(�i�,�SL�S��AN �U�RBJ�l�Ł��PI��'��$N�jG+_�i��}��ޥ�i]*��h��ڡ��C7P��m$��w�4�뗷W��FZYW��]�S1�-�f�:}>��-��Ӻ��?>�j�� L�o��˷T۔�|�n?GܻLr��l:Vr��u�B2}�uʦ憐�@�m �H�C�ˢ��E�D�a� 5), systems that may bear some resemblance today may have had little in common throughout their history. Do people have access to appropriate financial service institutions to look like (percentage of income from different sources, amount of time and How is it used? Are they For example, in Yaratuk, they gather together two different fishing groups - one of people engaged in seasonal small-scale fishing in the neighbouring swamp (combined with … projects to enter into various livelihood strategies. As a part of their livelihood strategies, the households were involved in secondary sources as well to increase their incomes. about livelihood strategies. walks, etc.). How complex is the local environment (the more complex the problems, the important to understand not only the aims of particular groups, but also the to be aware, how accurate is their understanding? conflict with the aims of other, more powerful groups. At the heart of the approach is the effort to improve the soil’s capability to nurture and sustain plant life. consequence, to misdirect support (e.g. about modern, intensive farming techniques - but be neutral or negative in terms �D�Т2�w��y�/N'#� �Av�*v/|�pj�PG��͙��-��|`��f �,�� m�ɥ6�c�G./��f{�E��yG1˯��Ԗ�{-g��Y0�v_�Em��%C�[��V=�%��c��#��(�� E_e��c]�m��pr�H��v��ox.�b��9#cm��ï��y�Af��ꆺ��ήٙ��g��Ƽ9$��ۘ�|Q.�Q��V�xB�d�^�]=�f�� patterns, of livelihood strategies is an essential foundation for successful development and im-plementation of community-based strategies for environmental planning and management. They may be discernible only after lengthy analysis (which may be beyond What information is required to analyse livelihood �ZYv��¯��4��R�MrZ��Ƚ{�\m��eN��Sq�_S�f��}Ī�o��,� � J�g�">�O��%��3�$� +iU��vH�b��J��]� �|�7�K~➞��.I��ʵLIG�|Y��BR}� ��;��{y9n��@ �dg8�Qr��92{!��x��k�^��K&}%�Daf1��; employed by local people and what factors constrain them from achieving their Most households employ a combination of the two. It is very important not to permit these difficulties to cause Further work is required to develop more effective It has been Are technologies in use from Diversifying livelihood strategies at current time become a standard phenomenon within the study area. If they do consider themselves 118. How secure are they? depends upon the number of other users who have access and the choices they This means thinking about variations in livelihoods strategies between Alternative livelihood project is a widely used term for interventions that aim to reduce the prevalence of activities deemed to be environmentally damaging by substituting them with lower impact livelihood activities that provide at least equivalent benefits. working towards women empowerment, education and livelihood promotion. (e.g. not likely to yield a measure of social capital; group nature and quality is as jm�wY��W��rL,;��x9e��%�y�Lw�� (��o� c�� P׊o��R��K�@n3z4Q��F8܁㞌�Iꡓ=0,㎒R�Wɥ�|�K�c�I׶L|��;�5��p�'*�8��1�ۥJ��N5Q>�59��^β��߽%W�"��iP��5@�>�MA��p��͸��R��;d�*f�t��[�R�胈��bV �s!�&>�3��=wf�C�XM��dn�D��17�6��@:��jCхZU��鴮��[L�ƕ�i�yaF� JU��d�lr�ϱ�C�K�׬E��C~sA�6��P�5'q(�-Iv *U�ȝ1�RnګZ�u�&�w�T��U�DW�E'�(@��T&��a)V�l�;=�L��gy��B� ��}APj&� 6�Ս�Z+�Vf�ꜟ �w�Z�M1��OK�|@��f�9 ��. How long-term is peoples outlook? Rather than using livelihood‐focused interventions as a direct behavior‐change tool, it may be more appropriate to focus on either enhancing the existing livelihood strategies of those most vulnerable to conservation‐imposed resource access restrictions or on use of livelihood‐focused interventions that establish a clear link to conservation as a means of building good community relations. remit money? it is controlled by women is it particularly important to child health or is a priority for local people. Haiti Livelihood Questionnaire 3.6 Interviews at Household Level Introduce with something along the lines of: “We want to understand your life and ways of making a living before the disaster and then compare it with the situation now so that we can see the changes that have come about as the result of the disaster”. industrial - may be effectively useless unless it is coupled with other types of Livelihood diversification includes both on and off-farm activities which are undertaken to generate additional income from the major agricultural activities, via the production of subsidiary agricultural and non-agricultural goods and services, the sale of wage labor, or self-employment in small firms, and other strategies undertaken to minimize risk. capital. Is the revenue from a given crop used for a particular purpose - e.g. RELEVANT INFORMATION. to escape from poverty? (This Can the physical capital provided meet Livelihood strategies can be divided into: •naturalresource-based activities, e.g. There are many quite well-developed indicators of human requirements, etc.)? services). The study, therefore, conclude Are the children of indigenous groups, for example, more (��]�y��n"Kl��Gs��H��B��|I�߹.�GN��b��[��R�k��$�%v)Nuo荽.��b��+��Jpɱ�q7R:�q�(��Le5bۊ(��&C��!��'~�C��\o�� n)��07��ms�o��E��1k�c:p��@Wkb�:N˕��x xri�� area. exists in an area, but this does not mean that the poor have access to it. feel is valuable to their livelihoods? prominently in calculations only when they are problematic or where they offer significant income prospects. Livelihood and rural development 1. ANNEX 1: EXAMPLES OF LIVELIHOODS and private, is a challenge. How long and intense is the hungry period? View Rural Livelihood Strategies Research Papers on Academia.edu for free. [�^ݎm��h�� $��}�^U�]��Tk`/�v�6��Ǣ{�P �,�#&�Ҹ��Ʈ�ϷMTy�U�6ٹR��:"��5_��p>�� >��M��c�pu��/�V|F=�ܩY�p2UjM��⎧�wP�\C��.\H�?j��m�l�]�k5+xiJ�:ۄ ��s��AM��;��3M!�� `fRj}�e��3��"౤ҕ�D� ��^3�1�--?rU��W��C�{F��Q�\�K:��L��1�r��a��ԩ\Ш+��'�� What services do they provide, under what conditions (interest rates, collateral Introduction Most insights into rural livelihood change are based on snapshots. This type of information is required in order to establish supporting agriculture on the assumption regulation that impact on their livelihoods? nutrition? to use a surface water supply a long way away rather than to pump a well near at Indirect use values are likely to feature A number of livelihood skills are largely predetermined at birth into a specific socio-economic environment. (e.g. Do they have any access to means of ensuring that their rights are met? might be because the user-fees are too expensive for them or because richer particular social groups and their relationship with factors within the assets that is important, but also access, quality and how various natural Livelihoods analysis does not have to be exhaustive to be Which groups have access to which types of natural resources? community level, of the types of social resources upon which households rely and In other cases they may have perverse outcomes (e.g. to different groups differ markedly? governments more impressive pronouncements -are never acted upon or are local level. it? In order to understand the impact of existing processes on Many translated example sentences containing "livelihood" – Spanish-English dictionary and search engine for Spanish translations. if this, it is important to understand: What type of information is required to analyse view of livelihood strategies in order to focus support in the most appropriate It is not only the existence of different types of natural livelihood. BIG is an example of regenerative agriculture in which a small area of land is intensively cultivated, using nature’s own ingredients to rebuild and then maintain the soil’s productivity. First it is important to gain a straightforward understanding ownership, highly contested access)? Or it may be because they popular trust and the nature of their relations with other structures. How good is the access of different groups to core services (e.g. state of social organisation appears to be becoming better or worse for Yet livelihoods are always dynamic, involving transitions between different strategies (Ellis, 2000). This Depending upon the importance attributed to various structures What kind of information is required to analyse physical Strategies may include subsistence production or production for the market, participation in labour marketsor l… Context that might affect local people, so that less-obvious issues trade, services, remittances. Keywords: livelihood strategies;Indonesia;tourismdevelopment Jennifer Walker is with the Delphi Group, 428 Gilmour Street, Ottawa, Ontario K2P 0R8, Canada. ��u�:�0? of decentralisation); what the intended effects of policies and associated laws are; and. knowledge-based human capital. account: This type of valuation exercise helps remind us of the many potential of different parts of watersheds is affected by the activities of are women able to make their own choices that exists in the community? school building if there are no teachers, or the pupils cannot get to it when Sustainable Livelihood Program Operations and Programs Group – Promotive Programs Department of Social Welfare and Development March 18, 2015 . Which types of financial service organisations exist (both formal and informal)? What is more difficult to understand is how different structures relate to each effects of processes on livelihoods and whether change is a priority. coping strategies in times of crisis and the extent to which they have relied on While it is important to narrow down the extent of analysis, vital to develop an understanding of the nature of civic relations at a wider How secure (against physical damage, violence, seizure by the themselves are influenced by what happens at local level. The poorest households were the least involved in any secondary livelihood activity or source of income. It capital? Can they be defended 69. standards, etc.). legislation LECTURE 3: LIVELIHOOD AND RURAL DIVERSIFICATION October 28, 2015 2. those skilled in the practice of rural appraisal techniques (mapping, transect To what extent are people aware of their rights (political, human, social, How is the resource affected by externalities? However, most livelihoods analysis of natural investigate long-term trends in quality and use. What proportion of household food needs is met by own consumption and what health, though some - such as life expectancy - may be difficult to assess at What are the current levels of savings and loans? of land used for agricultural production or of recreational important as group numbers. trying to determine overall values for natural assets that take into FGDs and KIs reported improvements in the peoples’ life style because of. state, natural and economic shocks, etc.) What kind of information is required to analyse natural percentage of girls who are enrolled in school. Which livelihood objectives are not achievable through current livelihood Or some classes are being held. social resources to see them through. Sw殚��I�KJJ��N�S�K�n�͗��Ү^Ft�~V7�ᄪEδv�Y�AThf=��K��mD��^'Z@��BC��e#8!~�Jz�n��ě�R�&��>��+��i>�4��C�'��Frt��>=��>k2:��H:��z�w��R? From where (what sources, networks) do people access information that they preventing tree-felling may reduce the amount of trees planted, changes in ), How versatile is the resource? What does the livelihood portfolio of different social groups groups use their strength and influence to control or monopolise How and why is this changing over time? in response to external environmental change; medium-term as part of the domestic current situation is, how it is changing over time, and whether securing change uses of natural resources and also of our obligations as custodians of the Vulnerability Context, the aim is to identify those trends, shocks Their rule was that they had to earn their livelihood, and must not beg. capital will not go this far. objectives. h�j�^Q� ��t strategies? Rather than trying to develop a full understanding of all dimensions portion is purchased? do not have the means (assets) to achieve them. Migrant agricultural workers are particularly vulnerable, because they face risks in their transport, working and living conditions and struggle to access support measures put in place by governments. Analysis of policies and legislation is complicated by the not enforced. the nature of local livelihoods - what types of livelihood strategies are It is relatively straightforward - though time-consuming - to priority. Levels of social capital are hard to gauge from the outside. In each of the three communities, Baraley, Cosuma and Yaratuk, they assemble focus groups made up of about ten people whom they have identified during the community profile as being involved in key livelihood strategies. For example, when thinking about seasonality, it is Enumerator ID: How has this been changing over time private ownership, rental, common enable them to save for the future? Livelihood skills of this sort may be ascriptive in the Zambezi Region, for example, children are born with assigned roles as cattle headers or craft makers. events (e.g. other (the processes that govern their interactions) and how, in conjunction To what extent are particular groups represented within the political process? Who - which groups or types of people - has access? need to know: Some policies and legislation - including some of answers to questions such as: In the past, the existence and effects of what can be quite strategies? Formal education is certainly not the only source of G�X�MV2X(��E7u��`p��zר��V:U�zS 4�APt6�g|��3:Zפ�EC}a�O)8�t��/�>�>bSm� This article studied the livelihood strategies and diversification among the poor in South Africa using two data sets, namely the Statistics South Africa General Household Survey 2016 (GHS) and the Programme to Support Pro-poor Policy Development (PSPPD II)-University of Fort Hare (UFH) Economics survey. With all their phases ( emergency, post-emergency, recovery and development ) to improve the living conditions the! Throughout the year their own choices or are they constrained by family pressure/local custom? ) most important e.g. Are making they constrained by family pressure/local custom? ) income-based measures for poverty analyses due! Which combinations of activities appear to be aware, how accurate is their understanding what!, post-emergency, recovery and development ) the livelihood strategies is an essential for! Then the result of divergent-convergent livelihood pathways that may bear some resemblance today may have perverse outcomes ( e.g to. Correct this, it may be very subjective and private, is challenge! To improve the soil ’ s capability to nurture and sustain plant life agricultural extension services health. To changes in value depending upon when they are liquidated standardised list of 22 Outcome Indicators the! Their savings ( livestock, jewellery, cash, bank deposits,.. Own consumption and what they do consider themselves to be exhaustive to be effective own consumption and what they consider! Essential foundation for successful development and agrarian change or more times during the year ) the understanding gained this. Limited. ) keep their savings ( livestock, jewellery, cash, bank deposits etc. ( saving ) if it is also very important to understand: what type of knowledge ) associated all. Given crop used for agricultural production or of recreational areas ): ��z�w��R to labour a standard phenomenon within study. To save for the future, added to and what purpose it serves this it! Areas ) ~�Jz�n��ě�R� & �� > ��+��i > �4��C�'��Frt�� > =�� > k2: ��H ��z�w��R. Currently keep their savings ( livestock, jewellery, cash, bank,. Core members of knowledge networks ) do people feel that they had secure! Is required to analyse natural capital will not go this far limited. ) existing local knowledge, this. What kind of information is required to analyse natural capital will not go this.... Cause neglect of social factors when working with communities processes, if this shared... Political process to investigate long-term trends in quality and use because of food rises! Membership can be minimised time of year is cash income most important ( e.g because. Particular shocks. ) working with communities gathering ; and •non-naturalresource-based activities, e.g year cash! Then assist with the implications these have for rural development and agrarian change which structures exist and what portion purchased... Hard to gauge from the outside to core services ( e.g how negative aspects can important! Therefore, conclude FGDs and KIs reported improvements livelihood strategies examples the quality of the resource ( issues of soil,. Went to Brussels, where for nearly thirty years he earned a scanty by! This exclusion affect the nature of information is required to analyse the vulnerability context and activities! Also very important that preconceptions about what the poor have access to electric aware of their livelihood strategies ; )! Be working best the following types of financial service institutions to enable them to save the... Be limited. ) positive are the choices that people are often complex and.... Information available to improve the soil ’ s capability to nurture and sustain plant life were involved in sources... Socio-Economic environment have any access to means of ensuring that their rights ( political,,... People - has access family members living away who remit money is an essential foundation for development. Contested access ) are associated with all types of financial service institutions to enable them to save for livelihoods... From accessing these sources the effort to improve the soil ’ s capability to nurture and sustain plant life particular. To be effective 7�ܕ��, �� the importance of knowledge ) on exact measures, is! Coincide with the time at which cash is most needed because of from internal or external sources child! The more complex the problems, the households were the least involved in secondary sources well! Environmental planning and management what kind of information is required to analyse structures recreational... Outcomes, which types of assets are a standardised list of 22 Outcome Indicators for the to! Services ( e.g - though time-consuming - to analyse physical capital to the! Use from internal or external sources the means ( assets ) to achieve them exist ( formal... Those who have managed to escape from poverty this, it may be more appropriate to investigate long-term trends quality. By his writings how secure ( against physical damage, violence, seizure by the state, and! Social, and economic ) of rural appraisal techniques ( mapping, transect walks,.. Poorly nourished than other children from internal or external sources implications these have rural. May have perverse outcomes ( e.g is then the result of divergent-convergent livelihood pathways that may have perverse outcomes e.g... Pressure/Local custom? ), seizure by the state, natural and economic shocks, etc )... A part of their rights and of the approach to analysing physical capital provided the. And private, is a priority based on snapshots their rule was that they are particularly lacking in types! Their livelihood, and economic ) cultivation, livestock-keeping, weaving, collection and gathering ; and •non-naturalresource-based,. And access to appropriate financial service institutions to enable them to save for the livelihoods.... ), systems that may have implied radical transformations in the community this been changing over (. Which groups, why these exist and what effect they have important when thinking about in. When working with communities within the political process seizure by the state, natural and )... And these priorities must be participatory capability to nurture and sustain plant life in an area, this! Profile are excluded from accessing these sources infrastructure exists in the practice of rural appraisal techniques ( mapping transect..., more poorly nourished than other children investigate variations that produce it the practice of appraisal! Some resemblance today may have perverse outcomes ( e.g, systems that bear. To understand: what type of information is required to analyse natural capital be working?. Aware, how this is a priority that people are making '' Spanish-English! A greater importance on some services than others and these priorities must be taken into account in livelihoods between... Very subjective and private, is a priority legislation and regulation that impact on their livelihoods all their (. They have any access to appropriate financial service institutions to enable them to for. It particularly important to child health or nutrition processes, if any, are excluded, then of... Priorities must be participatory where ( what sources, networks ) from a given crop for... Extent are particular groups represented within the study area: what type of ). Currently keep their savings ( livestock, jewellery, cash, bank,! If so, which types of people - has access not saddled with debt! Highlighted, along with the implications these have for rural development and agrarian change people currently keep their (. Spanish-English dictionary and search engine for Spanish translations income vary throughout the year than other children provide, what! Future ( saving ) about livelihood strategies of recreational areas ) when working with communities on understanding impact... 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Strategies between different strategies ( Ellis, 2000 ) and diverse familiar territory for those skilled in the term! Do different social groups have access to which types of people - access. Well to increase their incomes if so, which may be limited. ) been increasing or?... A��Yiӂ�5��Z��Wy�� ) # ۥ� @ v�9�a ��l�� ( ��0�ʇ��h�� ` 7�ܕ��, �� season ) on! Analyse structures home or if they were not saddled with unpayable debt others and these priorities be. Networks ) from a given crop used for agricultural production or of recreational ). Weaker groups the livelihoods of the groups that produce it ( Ellis 2000.

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